Airplane Terms - Welcome to our glossary of aviation terms. Like any place or industry, aviation is full of surprises and surprises. Of course, aviation is rich in technologies that are not used elsewhere and therefore are not known to many people.
Our goal here is to cover and explain as many of these terms as possible. It develops as new conditions appear, when new technologies or work methods are introduced. If you think we haven't covered the terms yet, leave a comment at the bottom of the page. We will check and add information as soon as possible.
Airplane Terms
 "Airplane Terms")
ADF or automatic direction finder is a navigational device used for marine and aviation purposes. The instrument consists of an arrow placed on a compass rose. Its use must be tuned to terrestrial radio stations broadcasting in DV, usually 190 - 535 kHz. These can be AM stations or specially designed NDBs (indirect beacons). Pilots can then fly to the beacon or use a bearing to determine their relative location.
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The ailerons of the aircraft are located on the outer edge of the main wings. Their purpose is to control the roll of the aircraft to the left or right. For most aircraft, ailerons are used to turn left or right by moving the aircraft in the desired direction. For example, tilting the plane to the left will cause it to move in a direction. The balance and smoothness of the turn can be controlled using the steering wheel and height rudder. Ailerons act as moving parts behind the wings and are connected to each other and to the pilot's control column. As one plane rises, the other on the opposite wing descends. Lowering the aileron will have the same effect as the flap and will create additional lift that will cause the wing to lift. On the opposite wing, aileron lift has the opposite effect, reducing lift, causing that wing to descend. This will then create the desired roll effect and turn in the direction the pilot wants. It is controlled by turning the control column or the joystick in the other direction.
At the same time, the pilot moved the control column to the right. The right aileron rises up and thereby reduces the lifting force of the right wing. At the same time, the left aileron lowers, and the left wing increases in height. This will cause a roll to the right, which will cause the aircraft to turn to the right.
On larger aircraft, you may have seen a small engine exhaust pipe, usually inside the tail cone of the aircraft. This engine, which is smaller than the main engines, is called an APU or auxiliary power plant.
The APU (Auxiliary Power Plant) exhaust is located at the rear of the Airbus A380.
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The purpose of the APU is to provide power to aircraft systems such as lighting, air conditioning and some flight controls while the aircraft is parked in the terminal. In flight, of course, power is provided by generators attached to the main engines. At most major airports, power is provided by ground connections to avoid APU operation and thus reduce noise and pollution.
In two-seat jets, the APU acts as a backup power source during flight if both engines fail. This is done so that the pilots can still control the flight surface to provide control of the aircraft through the electrical current supplied by the APU. These APUs must meet strict standards, such as being able to start a cold engine at an altitude of 41,000 feet. If a jet aircraft such as a Boeing 787 has a working APU. His ETOPS certification has been revoked and he must use long surface routes that are never more than 60 minutes from the nearest available airport.
The aircraft cockpit or flight deck is, of course, the control center of the aircraft. The layout of the control panel can vary from aircraft manufacturer to manufacturer, but in general there are many similar devices. The digital age and glass cockpits have replaced many standard analog devices that can now be displayed on computer screens, as can be seen in the example below of a Boeing 737. Some features can be displayed below by clicking on hot spots. .
The aircraft elevators are located on the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizers, which, in turn, are located on the embankment. The purpose of the elevators is to control the behavior of the aircraft during control. The pilot controls the elevators
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In this picture, the pilot pulled back on the control column, causing the elevator to rise. This reduces the lift created by the horizontal stabilizers, which cause the tail of the aircraft to drop. This increases the angle of attack of the main wings, which causes the aircraft to climb.
Pull or push the control column or joystick forward or backward. Like flaps and ailerons, elevators create more lift when they are in the down position or less lift when they are in the up position.
By increasing lift and then lowering the elevators, they cause the rear of the plane, or pitch, to rise. This reduces the angle of attack of the main wings, which then causes the aircraft to descend. By reducing lift by increasing lift, the tail of the aircraft descends and therefore the angle of attack of the main wings causes the aircraft to rise.
The tail is a part of the aircraft, which in most cases is located in the rear part of the fuselage. This section includes the tail or vertical stabilizer, including the rudder, and the horizontal stabilizer, including the elevators. So included are flight surfaces that control the up and down movement of the aircraft, as well as directional or side-to-side movements. Some aircraft, such as the Boeing 727, DC-10 or L1011, also have engines located in this area.
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ETOPS, which ironically stands for Engines Turn or Passengers Swim, is a regulation that controls the ability of twin-engine aircraft to fly on one engine for more than 60 minutes from the nearest available airport. This rule mainly applies to waterways, but of course can also apply to flights over large remote areas.
ETOPS has affected aircraft such as the Airbus A300, A310, A320, A330 and A350, Boeing 737, 757, 767, 777, 787, Embraer E-Jets and ATR 72. As engine technology has improved and become more reliable, the ETOPS restriction has been relaxed.
ETOPS limitations are applied progressively as aircraft types are assigned a higher ETOPS rating as their operational history demonstrates their reliability. For example, the first category is 60 minutes, which means that the aircraft must not fly more than 60 minutes (on one engine) from the nearest available airport. Over time, the aircraft will prove its reliability and can be upgraded to ETOPS90, ETOPS120 and so on.
The advent of large twin-engined aircraft with more reliable engines that achieved an ETOPS rating led to the end of aircraft such as the A340, which had four engines to avoid ETOPS regulations.
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Airplane wings are designed to allow the airplane to fly at the highest possible speed while providing lift with the least amount of drag. However, when the plane is on the ground or just flying, it flies much slower than its ideal cruising speed. This means that the wing may not be able to provide enough lift and the aircraft will be vulnerable to stalling.
In order for airplanes to fly safely at low speeds, most of them are equipped with flaps. Valves can be refilled
These fully extended flaps indicate that the aircraft is in the final stages of landing. Flaps effectively enlarge the wing, creating more lift and allowing the aircraft to fly more slowly.
Different shapes, but simply they are attached to the back of the wings, usually inside or near the fuselage of the aircraft. The function of the flap is to either swing back and forth or simply descend to various degrees as the pilot chooses. The result is that the camber, which is the curvature of the top of the wing, increases. This creates more lift as well as more drag. Additional lift ensures a safe take-off of the aircraft. You may have noticed that the engine power increases as you approach the ground, which is done to compensate for the extra drag caused by the flaps.
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The fuselage is the main body of the aircraft. In most cases, this is a cigar-shaped piece with attached wings and in which
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