Anti Aircraft Gun - The 7.5 cm L/45 M/16 anti-aircraft gun was designed and manufactured in Norway in the early 1920s. It was an exciting design, but it greatly increased the air defense capability already demonstrated in Norway.
At the beginning of the First World War, the Norwegian army realized the threat posed by airplanes. At first, attempts were made to mount existing guns in new mounts for high-angle fire, but it soon became clear that a more specialized weapon would be needed. Attempts were made to buy guns from Great Britain and France, but with the war, both nations needed their own weapons.
Anti Aircraft Gun
The history of the M/16 can be seen in a letter from the Norwegian Ministry of Defense dated 17 December 1915. After initial design work, it was decided to produce a prototype and 12 production weapons. The detailed design work took longer than expected, and with the outbreak of war, there seemed to be no rush to any project. As a result, the prototype was not ready for test firing until May 20, 1920.
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The M/16 was a fairly simple design. It is designed to be stationary, mounted on a base and can be moved from side to side through 360°. The mount allowed large angles from -1° to 75°. The gun barrel was 45 calibers long, with 28 grooves (rifling) twisted to the right. The magazine was a semi-automatic horizontal wedge - the gunner had to tap it manually to remove the magazine from the front shot, but it closed automatically when a new round was loaded. Under the barrel was a hydropneumatic recoil cylinder with a heavy spring to help push the gun forward. It was originally planned to fire under local command, but later the kraal was equipped to receive sight information, to place weapons.
The M/16 was operated by a crew of nine: the gunner, one soldier for lateral adjustment, one to adjust elevation, one to operate the cushion block and fire, a loader, a 'fuse adjuster operator' and a 'fuse adjuster.' and bring two bullets and carry an empty case.
A total of 12 production guns were built. In the 1920s, further production was limited because the risk of war was low; By the 1930s, when the need for anti-aircraft artillery became clear, the design was obsolete.
The M/16 was used for static protection at several Norwegian military installations. Armaments changed priorities, but when the Germans invaded Norway on April 9, 1940, they placed six cannons around Berg and four at the Horte naval base; The other two were located near Oslo, along with more modern weapons such as the 7.5 cm L/45 M/32 to mobilize the capital.
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Hort's guns were able to participate in the battle in the harbor between the Norwegian and German ships (see HNoMS Olav Tryggvason's article for details), but due to a lack of clear lines of command and crew training, the guns were captured earlier. a shot could be fired.
In Bergen, the M/16 was used to shoot down German bombers attacking military targets, but the gun was too low to be useful. After the main fortress of Berg was handed over to the Germans, the anti-aircraft batteries were ordered to be dismantled.
In Oslo, two M/16s were installed in a battery on Gresholm, a small island in the harbor, suitable for the Battle of Fornebu. Norwegian sources said that the crew was untrained (the 44m 17s had only been in uniform for six days), had taken several bombing runs and abandoned their positions, but had shot down one or two German bombers in the process. In addition to this problem and others, one of the guns jammed earlier.
The fate of the M/16 after its capture by the Germans is unknown, but it is likely that it was used to promote the German cause during the occupation of Norway. Known as the Bofors, this lightweight anti-aircraft gun was first developed in Sweden. adopted by many other countries. The US used the M1 in World War II. It is designed to lift the wheels, lower the carriage to the ground and extend the supports for stability.
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The Bofors was the standard anti-aircraft weapon system for the Allies during World War II. After the war, many other countries acquired weapon systems for air defense networks. At its peak, Bofors was exported and licensed to nearly 100 operators worldwide. It is still used in many nations today.
Developed in Sweden, the Bofors was a stationary and semi-mobile anti-aircraft weapon. The original production units were capable of firing up to 23,000 feet, while upgraded versions were capable of firing up to 41,000 feet. Early production versions fired 120 rounds per minute, while upgraded versions exceeded 300 rounds per minute.
During and after the end of World War II, the Bofors design was licensed in the United States and Great Britain. More than 25 versions were produced, totaling more than 150,000 units. At least 60,000 L/60 variants were produced before the end of the war in 1945.
Today, Bofors is still used in countries around the world, including the United States. More recently, the AC-130U "Spooky II" gun aircraft was equipped with 40mm L/60 versions. Installation of Bofors on the AC-130 began in 1970 when the first AC-130A was produced. The AC-130U is the latest version of the Bofors gun, with later models using the 30mm GAU-23 gun. While every effort has been made to follow the rules of citation style, there may be some discrepancies. If you have questions, consult the appropriate model manual or other resources.
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Anti-aircraft guns and artillery fired from the ground or deck of ships for anti-aircraft defense. The development of anti-aircraft weapons began in 1910, when airplanes first became effective weapons. During World War I, the 90 mm (3.5 in) caliber field artillery was converted into an anti-aircraft weapon by means of a mount allowing it to fire almost vertically. Despite inadequate targeting techniques between the wars, great advances were made over the decades in the use of rangefinders, finders, timers, and artillery pieces that were rapidly moved by aircraft to help engage targets.
During World War II, rapid-fire and automatic anti-aircraft guns were introduced, radar was used to detect targets, and small radio-frequency guns detonated the projectile as it approached the target. Originally produced by the Swedish company Bofors, the 40-millimeter (1.5-inch) gun was widely used by the British and US armed forces against dive bombers and low-level attack aircraft. It fired a 2 lb (0.9 kg) projectile at 120 rounds per minute at an altitude of 2 miles (3.2 km). The Soviets based their 37mm gun on that gun. Up to 120 mm anti-aircraft guns were used against high-flying bombers. The most effective of these was the German 88 millimeter
In 1953, the US Army introduced the Skysweeper, a 75 mm automatic cannon that was aimed and fired by its own radar computer system. The introduction of surface-to-surface guided missiles in the 1950s and 60s eliminated the use of heavy anti-aircraft guns, but 20-40mm radar-guided automatic guns continued to provide anti-aircraft and anti-aircraft protection. helicopters
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